Most antimony ores, whether simple or complex, gravity separation method can obtain a certain separation effect. Because the cost of gravity separation is lower than flotation, there is no pollution, and qualified antimony concentrate can be directly produced within a certain particle size range, therefore, gravity separation is the main method to separate antimony oxide ore, and coarse-grained stibnite can also be recovered by gravity separation. In the practice of antimony ore dressing, heavy medium separation, jig machine separation, chute and shaking table separation are adopted.
The antimony ore processing method needs to be determined according to the physical and chemical properties, such as its type, mineral composition, mineral structure and the characteristics of its inlaid particle size. The gravity separation method is applicable to most antimony ore dressing, because antimony ores are minerals with high density and coarse particle size, which are easy to be separated by gravity separation method. The cost of gravity separation is low, and a large number of qualified coarse-grained concentrates can be separated from the coarse-grained range, and a large number of waste rocks can be discarded. Therefore, gravity separation is still the method that antimony concentrators are willing to adopt.
In the practice of antimony ore processing, heavy medium separation, jig separation and shaking table separation are used. In the case of coarse or medium particle size, antimony ores (antimony sulfide or antimony oxide ores) often have liberated antimony minerals，and the concentration ratio of jig separation is much larger than that heavy medium separation, so the finished concentrate can be obtained by jig separation. Shaking table is also widely used in antimony ore processing, especially for the hard-concentrated antimony oxide ore and fine-grained antimony sulfide minerals, the combination of shaking and jig can obtain better indexes. Antimony ore gravity separation equipment generally refers to the jig and shaking table. Jig is used to process the coarse and medium sized antimony ores, while shaking table is used for the fine-grained inlaid antimony ores.
With the continuously upgrading and improvement of jig technology and equipment, a good separation index has been obtained in the field of fine-grained material concentration. Sawtooth wave jig is a new type of jig improved on the basis of the traditional jig, which can effectively enrich fine-grained antimony ore by replacing the screen. The separation efficiency of antimony ore by jig is high, because antimony ore in the condition of coarse-grained or medium-sized particle, there are often liberated antimony, and jig concentration ratio is high, the finished antimony concentrate can be obtained by jig. In general, it is better to separate the raw ore screen into coarse, medium and fine sizes into different jig machines for better separation than non-classification. The recovery rate of jig for antimony ore is above 80%. Therefore, the jig is mainly used for the following conditions in the antimony ore processing: 1. Obtaining the finished antimony concentrate. 2, Combine with the shaking table to deal with antimony oxide ore which is difficult to be treated by flotation, and difficult to discard the tailings.
Antimony ore processing process
The raw ore is first processed by hand separation, then coarse crushing and fine crushing. The ore particle size is controlled below 30mm. The ore is screened and classified into 8-30mm, 2-8mm and 0-2mm particles, which are respectively put into the large stroke jig, the medium stroke jig and the fine screen jig for gravity separation, and the concentrate is mixed into the gravity separation concentrate. There are fine-grained disseminated antimony ores in the tailings produced after jig gravity separation. In order to improve the recovery rate and beneficiation index of the whole process, the flotation process is usually set up after the gravity separation process. The tailings are grinded, classified, stirred and flotation. The flotation process is similar to the flotation of a single sulfide antimony ore. The flotation process is one roughing, three cleaning and two scavenging. Antimony fine concentrate was obtained by flotation. The flotation tailings were gravity separation by shaking table, and the fine-grained antimony oxide was recovered to obtain antimony oxide concentrate and tailings.
Antimony oxide ore cannot be recovered by flotation at present. It can be recovered by hand separation, gravity separation and heavy medium separation. The floatability of stibnite is related to PH value. It has good floatability in the acid medium, but does not float in the alkaline medium due to the alkali solubility of the mineral surface; stibnite needs to be activated in the neutral pulp before it can float, lead nitrate is widely used as the activator; sometimes copper sulfate is also used as the activator; two kinds of mixed additives can also be used. Lead is a harmful impurity of antimony concentrate, sulfuric acid can also be used to replace lead nitrate in order to ensure the quality of concentrate, and the flotation of stibnite in acid medium, of course, higher requirements for the equipment.
The stibnite processing method is flotation and gravity separation. It can also be combined with two kinds of beneficiation processes, first gravity separation enrichment, then flotation purification. At present, the grade of stibnite in China is relatively low, and this method is often used. Stibnite with good ore properties and coarse inlaid particle size can also be directly used for gravity separation to obtain qualified grade concentrate.
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