The commonly used manganese ore processing methods are mechanical processing (washing, screening, gravity separation, strong magnetic separation and flotation) and special processing (fire enrichment, chemical processing, etc.).
(1) Washing and screening
Manganese ore generally contains mud, which not only affect the grade of manganese minerals, more important is the serious deterioration of the subsequent processing (flotation, gravity and magnetic separation). Therefore, in the case of open pit mining or heavy clay ore, it is necessary to wash the ore first to remove mud, washing ore is the use of hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing to separate ore and mud, it is more as a kind of pretreatment before ore dressing. Commonly used ore washing and desliming equipment are trommel screen, rotary drum scrubber, spiral sand washer, spiral classifier, hydrocyclone, etc.
Most manganese carbonate ores are washed by vibrating screen. The products on the screen are clean ore, and the products under the screen after sand return of spiral sand washer are combined with the products on the screen. Overflow waste may further recovery of manganese minerals. Manganese oxide ore is usually washed once or several times by a double spiral trough washing machine with strong scrubbing.
(2) Gravity separation
The Gravity separation is based on the density and particle size of various minerals. Because of the difference in density between manganese ore and silicate gangue, most of them can be separated by gravity separation. The commonly used gravity separation equipment for manganese ore dressing includes jig machine, cone concentrator, spiral concentrator, shaking table, drum separator with heavy medium, hydrocyclone, vibrating sluice, etc. The sorting particle size range of gravity separation equipment of is different. The feeding particle size range of the jig is 0.5-15mm, that of the spiral concentrator is 0.075-5mm, and that of the shaking table is 0.04-3mm. Before gravity separation, the ore is generally divided into different particle grades of separation, coarse ore is generally used jig, medium size ore is used spiral concentrator, fine ore is used shaking table.
The density of oxidized manganese ore such as hard manganese ore, pyrolusite and braunite is about 4g/cm3, which is significantly different from that of silicate gangue. most of the use of gravity separation method. Because the density difference between manganese carbonate ore and gangue is relatively small, it is difficult for jig and shaking table to be effective, and only heavy medium beneficiation can play a role of enrichment. The combined process of heavy medium and strong magnetic separation is often adopted for manganese carbonate ore. the surrounding rock is abandoned in the front section, the geological grade is restored, and the deep separation is carried out in the back section.
(3) Strong magnetic separation
Magnetic separation is a method to separate different minerals by using the magnetic difference between them in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is easy to operate, no pollution, low production cost. The manganese minerals have weak magnetism and can be separated from non-magnetic gangue minerals by strong magnetic separation.
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